Best Use: Human food market, livestock feed, food source and bedding habitat for wildlife.
Adaptation: Cool temperatures limit feed grain production for livestock in the Upper Midwest. Prefers slightly warmer temps than corn.
Management: Requires nitrogen fertility (up to 150 lbs N per year). Manage potential for prussic acid & nitrate build-up.
Planting Date: Late May to early July (soil at 62°F+)
Seeding: Drill 5-15 lbs/acre ½” to 1½” deep. Use high end of rate for broadcasting.
| Species/Variety | Seeding Rate Drilled (lbs/acre) | Seeding Rate Broadcast/Aerial (lbs/acre) | Seeding Rate In Mix (lbs/acre) | Approx Seeds/lb | Recommended Seeding Date (S MN) | Seeding Depth (inches) | Predicted Hardy Through USDA Zone | Lifecycle | Potential Total N Fixation (lbs/acre/year) | Above Ground Biomass Production | Weed Suppression | Erosion Control | Quick Establishment | Cash Crop Interseed | Grazing Potential | Provide Pollinator Habitat | Drought Tolerance | Heat Tolerance | Saturated Soil Tolerance | Shade Tolerance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Millet, Japanese | 25-35 | 35-50 | 5-15 | 145,000 | Late May–July | ½ – 1 | NFT | Annual | - | Very Good | Very Good | Very Good | Excellent | Poor | Very Good | Poor | Excellent | Excellent | Very Good | Fair |
| Millet, Proso | 20-30 | 30-45 | 5-15 | 80,000 | Late May–July | ½ – 1 | NFT | Annual | - | Very Good | Very Good | Very Good | Excellent | Poor | Very Good | Poor | Excellent | Excellent | Fair | Good |
| Sorghum, Grain | 10-15 | NR | 5-10 | 15,000 | Late May–July | ½ – 1½ | NFT | Annual | - | Good | Very Good | Good | Excellent | Poor | Good | Poor | Excellent | Excellent | Fair | Fair |
| Sorghum-Sudangrass | 20-25 | 30-50 | 5-10 | 18,000 | Late May–July | ½ –1 | NFT | Annual | - | Excellent | Excellent | Very Good | Excellent | Poor | Very Good | Poor | Excellent | Excellent | Fair | Fair |
Predicted Hardy: ID = Insufficient Data, NFT = Not Frost Tolerant
*Highly variable on winter growing conditions, planting date, snow cover, etc.


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