Vernal Alfalfa

Get top yields, high quality, and outstanding persistence with our lineup of conventional alfalfa varieties available from Viking non-GMO and Albert Lea Seed. When selecting an alfalfa variety, it’s important to consider how long the field will be in production, how many cuttings a year you plan to take, the end use for the forage (quality needs), and the unique challenges for the field location (disease/insects). For practical knowledge and friendly advice on which alfalfa varieties to select for your farm, reach out to your local Viking non-GMO dealer or give us a call (800).352.5247.

DOWNLOAD ALFALFA AGRONOMICS & RESOURCES SHEET (PDF)

Overview

Uses:

• Hay
• Silage
• Pasture
• Cover Crop

Strengths:

• Superior yield and protein to other forage.
• Good re-growth after cutting or grazing.
• Breeding for improved winterhardiness, yield and disease resistance.
• Well adapted to drought-prone soils
• Excellent biomass accumulation & N fixation

Weaknesses:

• Potential to cause bloat when grazed
• Not well-suited to wet soils

Plant Information

Winterhardiness:
Good to excellent depending on variety and fertilization (Potash is essential for increasing winterhardiness and stand survival)

Drought-Tolerance:
Excellent (for established stands)

Wet soil tolerance:
Select varieties with Phytophthora & Aphanomyces resistance

Average Nitrogen Fixation:
100 – 150 lbs N /acre

Forage Yield Range:
3 – 8 DM ton / A (average 2- to 4-cut system)

Relative Forage Quality:
147 – 186 (index value)

Seed and Seeding Info

Seeds per lb:
200,000 to 220,000

Seeding Rate Alone:
15-20 lbs /acre

Seeding Rate in Mixtures:
15 lbs / acre when mixed with grass

Range of Seeding Dates:
Spring or late summer (April – Mid-May and Aug. 5 – 25th in Southern MN)

Methods of seeding:
Broadcast and drag – Drill ; Rolling or cultipacking helps. Often seeded with a small grain cover crop when planted in the spring. Later summer seedings should be direct seeded to minimize competition.

Best seeding depth:
½ to ¾ Inch

Best Soil types:
Well-drained light soils (loam to sandy loam in texture)

pH tolerances:
6.5 to 7.0

Alfalfa Seed treatments

All of our Blue River organic and Viking conventional non-GMO alfalfas may be coated with one of these OMRI-listed inoculants or coatings:

APEX^TM GREEN HydroLoc

Encapsulates each seed in a mix of micro-nutrients, including iron, zinc, and manganese; and rhizobia bacteria to ensure nodulation and nitrogen fixation. The HydroLoc absorbent compounds hold water around seed, improving germination and seedling survival, especially under adverse conditions.

NITRO-COAT^TM

Contains a multi-strain, crop-specific rhizobium blend to provide maximum nodulation, stand establishment, and yield potential. Helps attract soil moisture to the seed, ensuring quick stand establishment.

PRE-VAIL^TM

Clay-based pre-inoculant improves early seedling vigor through increased root development and excellent nodulation for higher yields. Contains high levels of rhizobia for nitrogen fixation – 100 million viable cells per gram – and Azospirillum bacteria to promote plant growth.

IMPROVE ALFALFA HAY AND HAYLAGE

University of Minnesota field tests show that seeding an alfalfa/grass mix comprised of 30% to 40% grasses achieves higher yields in the final stand. In fact, orchardgrass or tall fescue mixtures with alfalfa had approximately 15% more milk production potential per acre compared to alfalfa alone.

ALFALFA-GRASS MIXTURE OPTIONS
See premixed  options in our Hay & Pasture Mixes section or individual grass varieties in the Cool Season Grasses section. Ask about our custom mixing!

BENEFITS OF ALFALFA-GRASS MIXTURES

Yield. Alfalfa-grass mixtures will often provide greater yield than direct-seeded alfalfa.

Drying rate. Grasses like orchardgrass, tall fescue, meadow fescue, smooth bromegrass, and timothy increase hay drying rates.

Feeding value. Grasses add higher fiber (NDF) digestibility than alfalfa which increases relative forage quality (RFQ).

Weed suppression. Grasses provide competition and cover to edge out weeds.

Cultural and Harvest Information

As a grazing crop:
Alfalfa can be grazed alone or in a mixture but special attention must be given to minimize the potential of bloat. This risk can be minimized by seeding alfalfa with grasses. To prolong the longevity of the stand, it must be grazed evenly and stocked adequately. Interseeding grasses into thin patches can maintain the uniformity of the sod under heavy grazing pressure. Alfalfa seeded into an existing stand will often not establish due to autotoxicity of alfalfa plants.

As a haying crop:
Seeding Year – When alfalfa is spring seeded, the first cutting can be made 60 days after emergence if one cutting during the seeding year is allowed to reach early bloom before it is harvested. Normally up to two to three harvests may be made in the year of a spring seeding, depending on the length of the growing season, fertility of the soil and available moisture.

Established Stands – For high-quality alfalfa, make the first cutting at mid- to full bud stage. Cutting pre- or early bud alfalfa is not recommended because there is a higher risk reducing the stand. If an alfalfa stand has been weakened by winter stress, make the first cutting at the early- to midbloom stage. Summer cuttings are permitted at early bloom (approximately 35 days between cuttings). Avoid cutting alfalfa during the 6-week period prior to the average hard frost date (generally between early September and mid-October).

If harvests are delayed until mid-October, leave a 4- to 6-inch stubble to protect the crown and to catch snow for added insulation over winter.

Harvest schedules for alfalfa-grass mixtures should be based on the growth stage of the alfalfa as it relates to the species of grass used in the mix.

As a cover crop:
Alfalfa is an excellent plowdown crop for building productive, healthy soils on the farm. Alfalfa is fairly slow to establish but yields tremendous biomass and fixes large amounts of N at when mature. Alfalfa as a plowdown crop/cover crop can be fit into multiple rotations. Alfalfa is successfully sown with a nurse crop of spring small grains and can be tilled under in the fall of that same year. Established alfalfa can also been retained for pasture or forage and plowed under when the stand is weak or less productive. To maintain maximum cover crop & soil building potential, allow maximum growth on the alfalfa and refrain from harvesting. Improved, high fall dormancy varieties are ideal for use as a cover crop in the upper-Midwest; their low winterhardiness rating allows them to die off over the winter months. Inexpensive alfalfa blends may also be used if value is a consideration.